shear studs nz. Studs & Equipment. shear studs nz

 
 Studs & Equipmentshear studs nz  The dimensions of the specimens were 480 × 450 × 450 mm

. Learn about the options to define shear studs either by starting from existing configurations or by creating complete new ones. 0 kN Stainless Steel Type 17-12g x 35mm 2. Every weld is completed with maximum precision and attention to detail, ensuring safety and long-lasting durability. (OC spacing means measuring the distance between the centers of two adjacent studs . ). Headed Concrete anchors are available for welding to flat surfaces, inside angles and outside angles. Weld studs, including concrete anchors and shear connectors, are manufactured by Tru-Weld Stud Welding in The United States. RelatedThis article develops an enhanced UHPC-grout shear connection for steel-concrete composite bridges with precast decks. 2 is adopted. When PTFE sheeting was added to reduce friction at the steel–concrete interface,. threaded mild steel rods with or without a sleeve passing through the From three full-scale beam tests with low degrees of shear connection is was found that 19 mm diameter studs through-deck welded in 60 mm deep UK trapezoidal decking (0. Minimum number of shear studs required to develop the controlling moment (anywhere along a span) are distributed uniformly between the point of maximum bending moment and the adjacent points of zero moment (on each side of the point. Accuracy of Eurocode 4 and AS/NZS 2327 in predicting stud capacity. Stud placement for final design. They are primarily used for holding together heavy timber, fixing metal to timber and in some cases masonry or concrete. PUNCHING SHEAR5. Tension and shear properties are based on 0. Find here Shear Stud, Shear Connector suppliers, manufacturers, wholesalers, traders with Shear Stud prices for. Steel & Tube offers a metal fastening solution for every application and our products are commonly used in the construction, manufacturing, general engineering and fabrication sectors. If the wall runs perpendicular (at a 90-degree angle) to the joists, there is a good chance that it is a load-bearing wall. Shear Connector Weld Studs. Description. Nelson ® offers a complete line of portable and feed stud welding systems to meet even the most demanding of stud welding performance requirements. The range of Ancon shear load connectors offers significant advantages over plain dowel bars. 0 m size. Free edges in theThe overall height of a stud should be not less than 3d, where d is the diameter of the shank (as per IS 11384 it is 4d or 100 mm). Stay In The Know - Sign up for the latest info and our free magazine. Steel Headed Stud Shear Anchors, SCM I8. 2m standard stock lengths; cut to length is also available on request. Lower shear strength of the concrete-concrete interface will cause the interface cracking of the push-out specimen, which occurs before the stud. Wt Each (kg) Bag Qty Bag Wt (kg)Double ended Studs. 0mm. The combination of a concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) column and reinforced concrete (RC) beam produces a composite structural system that affords good structural performance, functionality, and workability. 1 Shear stud connectors As discussed in the previous sections, the. The ability of shear studs to transfer vertical tension forces from a fractured girder to intact bridge components was investigated. The clustered shear stud connector (shown in Fig. 1. O. 1. Additionally, it was found that these shear studs show promising strength when used with 3. Health and Safety. Its profile has been specially designed with trough stiffeners and side laps positioned to guarantee centrally placed shear studs. The effective transmission of moments and shear forces from the beam to the column is key to the full exploitation of the structural performance. Therefore, the minimum length after weld (LAW) should be 95mm for the TR60+ or R51 and 115mm for TR80+. 1 has a series of images of typical shear studs on a steel beam. Ask. The concrete slab used is made of a reactive. 2. Our drawings clearly indicate that the studs should be welded on the center. Technical Support on all Contract Connections products is available on 09 2744049. Refer to NZS 3404. A total of 102 push-out tests were carried out on standard test specimens with varying parameters including concrete types (normal weight, lightweight and ultra-lightweight), concrete strengths, and types of J-hook connectors. This paper reports on the behavior of headed shear stud connectors for use in steel frames with partially restrained connections and reinforced concrete infill walls, attached compositely to the steel frame around the perimeter of each wall panel (S-RCW system), subjected to seismic loading. Shear Connector Design software [10] AS/NZS 1554. diameter stud. Enquires: Auckland Tel: 09 820 9133 Fax: 09 820 9131 Wellington Tel: 04 234 8703 or 04 233 8131 Email: sales@nelsonstud. 5. The utilization of shear reinforcement via shear studs or other means has become a choice for. It delivers faster starts, less torque, and eliminates the need for pre-drilling, which means more. The first parameter is the yield stress of stirrups where its effect on the punching shear is studied by using stirrups with different yield stresses of 240 MPa and 420 MPa. 25. Shear Connector Weld Studs. The studs are welded directly to the beam flange without predrilling, then grooving in CLT panel at the locations. The spacing of the shear connectors is determined by dividing the connector strength by the. 34. 94. In infill walls, the shear connectors lie. into slab. E. Economical alternative to stud welding – no expensive equipment required. 0m, 3. Finite element analysis using ABAQUS was carried out to simulate the force–deformation response of shear stud. 3. 2-0. Nelson ® stud welding’s rich history began in 1939 with the U. Stud work comes with inherent risks, and Red Cedar Steel is dedicated to minimizing those risks. Get Latest Price. In the connector, the studs are arranged group-by-group at multiple locations on the top surface of steel members. 6 m). Shear connectors are required on the top flange of steel composite bridge girders to provide the necessary shear transfer be-tween the steel girder and composite slab that is required for composite action. The weld collar remained almost intact on the web plate and the. Air Ratchet Wrenches. 6 grade studs. This research aimed to assess the reliability of stirrups in resisting punching shear through studying the effect of different parameters. The experiments reported that the ultimate bolt capacity was twice that of the welded studs. 4. The punching shear perimeter is considered as the. 242 60 14. Part Number Explanation. The most widely used form of shear connector is the headed stud, or shear stud. 12. Welding Through Metal Deck are available for this stud, for this option. Head Type Flat Head. 9-0. The functionality of shear stud is to give a structural connection between the concrete block and the structural steel. Typically each adult sheep is shorn once each year (depending upon dialect, a sheep may be said. The shear capacity of headed studs in composite steel–concrete beams has been determined experimentally in seven full-scale push-off tests. Time and Amps by Stud Diameter. The shear performance of studs improves with the increasing stud diameter and yield strength. Designed to interconnect the concrete slab to the load bearing steel beams. [11] AS 4100:1998 Steel structures – Australian Standards – publish– ed on 5 June 1998 – Reconfirmed in 2005 – Including amendment no 1. Check out our shear earrings selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our dangle & drop earrings shops. The shear stud and steel beam are formed as the same part to simulate the connection between two components in the FE model. Length: Length is before weld. Refer to Figure 1. NEW D6L A706 Stud Weldable Rebar. Auckland Bridge- New Zealand Bon Air Bridge Bay Bridge-San Francisco-Oakland Blast Protection of Bridges Carquinez Bridges Seismic Retrofit Earthquake Damage Investigation-Iran. Coating Selects the coating from the list. from $117. Drawn Arc Threaded and Unthreaded Studs are recommended for fastening applications where threads are needed for the full fastener length. A major difference between the shear stud behavior in the proposed system and in composite beams is that in the proposed system, the amount of concrete available to resist punching shear is limited due to the small depth of the flat. 6dstud < 12 in. The effect of haunches in the deck, stud length, number of studs, and arrangement of the studs was evaluated in static and dynamic tests. Shear Stud C/W Ceramic Ferrule AS/NZS 1554. 00 ex GST. AS/NZS 1552. 4. 277 50 13. Stainless Steel ChemSet™ Anchor Studs are high corrosion resistant AISI 316 (A4). Therefore, thirty-six push-out test specimens were. It makes calculations for any solution generated and produces a submittal package that includes fastener information, code reports, Factory Mutual reports, Appendix VII of DDM03, coating information and tools for. The studs are typically made of 75mm x 50mm or 100mm x 50mm sawn timber, and the spacing between them is typically between 450mm to 600mm. For BS 5950, Fu is not used by the program. This reduction occurs due to low-cycle fatigue of the stud/weld materials as well as concrete degradation. Two normal concrete classes were labelled P1 and P2, and. 1 (a)). Tension Shear Tension Shear Shear 3 Characteristic Load (Fastener in single shear) Nail 30mm x 3. The PCI Design Handbook contains recommendations very similar to those of chapter 17 of ACI 318-14. The utilization of shear reinforcement via shear studs or other means has become a choice for. Share this page. 0 kN Screw Type 17-14g x 35mm 3. 52 19 x 95 Shear Stud, 19 x 95 HSC, CS 6060 019 095 0. This innovative solution allows shorter time for the construction, while extending the service life of bridge decks [1,2]. 2a. Based on the excellent mechanical. The spot welder will burn through the metal deck and attach the shear stud directly to the. 7m, 3. N cbg = nominal concrete breakout strength of group of anchors. After 30 years development, so far there're 15 units of multi-station cold forming machines in total and production capacity can reach up to 5000 tons per month. The Strong‑Drive ® SDWS is the 2nd generation structural screw, redesigned with a patented SawTooth™ Point. Air Metal Shear. In the drawing area, select the steel elements to connect. Figure 9 shows the Type A and Type B HSS at the point T/S for the two stud sizes (22 and 25 mm). 8 or αv = 0. E-mail: stephen. Box #39364, Office No. Size range 1/4" to 1" dia. 210 70 14. The advertised length of our shear studs is length before the welding process. Shear Studs. A Coach Screw is a heavy duty screw which has a square or hexagonal head and an externally threaded cylindrical shaft that tapers to a point at the tip. 2) Dimensions (mm) d1. They are easier to fix on-site and can prove to be a more cost-effective solution. Weichen Xue et al (2008) put forth a new expression of stud load-slip relationship (P/Pu=S/0. Welded shear studs sometimes referred to as headed shear studs, are by far the most common and established method of shear connection when designing or specifying steel-concrete composite construction. 1 Shear stud connectors As discussed in the previous sections, the. nz Shear Connector Studs. The shear performance of studs improves with the increasing stud diameter and yield strength. 1 General . 2, 13 H4L 205 101-053-010 studs in a plane perpendicular to the shear force and six H 16 H4L 68 101-053-012 times diameter in the direction of the shear force is generally 16 H4L 106 101 -053 015 adequate to develop full stud capacity. Its profile has been specially designed with trough stiffeners and side laps positioned to guarantee centrally placed shear studs. 75 16 H4L 165 101-053-019 direction of the shear force and some spacing restrictionsHigh-shear load areas in concrete construction. NOTE: Ferrules are component parts of studs. where A s is the cross-sectional area of the stud diameter d (mm 2 units), f c is the concrete cylinder compressive strength (N/mm 2), and E c is the static modulus of elasticity of the concrete (N/mm 2). The conventional construction requires a long. 9. The horizontal in-plane shear interaction between the profiled cold-formed steel decking and concrete over is the prime factor that determines the strength of a composite concrete-steel deck slab. Shear Stud Connector Type SD (AS/NZ 1554. Shear strength of bolts. In my experience the most common are: 400mm centres (most stud wall spacing in the UK) 450mm centres. Ancon Shearfix Punching Shear Reinforcement is used within a slab to provide additional reinforcement around the columns. The recommended minimum concrete cover to the top of the stud is 15mm, this should be increased to 20mm if the. Google Scholar [25] DD CEN/TS 1992–4:2009. The capacity of a stud to transfer shear is limited either by the. $3,870. All shear studs are manufactured in accordance with BS EN ISO 13918:2008. 00. 6 Cast-in Anchor NZS 3101:2006, Clause 17. To place shear studs. It uses the latest versions of local standards AS/NZS 2327 and NZS 3404 in combination with the only nailed shear connector in the market provided with. 0800 42 52 62 [email protected] Webshop. 3. The overall strength of the combination of materials is stronger than either material rated separately, which makes this an ideal match for high rise buildings. 12. The ComFlor® composite floor decks range continues to set new standards in construction technology across New Zealand and is one of the market leaders in composite steel flooring systems. Shear walls. All;. Reduces the amount of reinforcement needed. Fortress Bolt & Nut Range 2017 is a comprehensive catalogue of high-quality fasteners for various applications, from construction to engineering. National Technical Manager (Aus/NZ), Ancon Building Products Pty Ltd T/A Leviat Abstract: Double-headed studs are used as punching shear reinforcement in reinforced or prestressed slabs and footings. LNG Station Fabrication LNG station fabrication uses highest standard SINOARS shear connectors, Φ19 x 150 and Φ16 x 150. The spot welder will burn through the metal deck and attach. The length of the wall. Stud distance along the raking beams as. co. nz IKING GROUP is a professional manufacturer of shear stud connector and stud welding machine for about 30 years with ISO CE certificate. Eurocode [28] requires a minimum amount of transverse reinforcement across the line of the studs but within 2. Eliminates column capitals. from $109. Studs & Equipment. Assuming the wall is to be constructed from C30/37 concrete with a yield strength of 500Mpa. Lower shear strength of the concrete-concrete interface will cause the interface cracking of the push-out specimen, which occurs before the stud. FERO Thermal Tie™ - Slotted Stud (Type II) Masonry Connector transfers lateral load from the tie through a plate, which transfers the load to the stud backing. diameter studs. Page 1- showing 12 results for shear studs. 2mm. A head stud shear connector is a representative ductile-type shear connector, and its strength and application have been examined over a long period by many researchers (Jayas and Hosain 1989. Fatigue concerns result in most bridges in North American requiring more than double the number of. Positioning. pdf. 5. 2d(3) for studs and SCM I3. Section 15. Hilti web-based software available to aid optimum. If eleven studs are required for the design, they would be detailed as “11-333” on the decking layout. Business listings of Shear Stud, Shear Connector manufacturers, suppliers and exporters in Bengaluru, Karnataka along with their contact details & address. Facebook; Twitter; Facebook; Whatsapp; Pinterest; Buy Journal. 8. Welding – Studs and cermaic ferrules for arc stud welding (AS/NZS ISO. Structural frames. 0m). Click Steel tab Fabrication Elements panel (Shear Studs). Moreover, it wasAbstract. The shear stud fractured at the weld collar and remained in the ECC. New Zealand Standard. 1; AS/NZ 1554. Longitudinal shear connection is usually established by grouped headed studs, but possible alternative solution is to use bolted shear connectors. 5d and a. 3 Past research on the theoretical strength of shear connectors 2. Meets with AWS and all other applicable specifications. Based on the wedge block model, a modified compression-dispersion model. The most common diameters of steel shear studs used in composite bridge construction are 19. D2L Deformed Bar Anchors. The area involved would be the top of the parallelogram. 9 times the diameter of the stud, the stud group effect would not work. Select an existing feature definition from the drop-down list to use for object being placed. The resulting shear stress, τ, deforms the rectangle into a parallelogram. 6, 8. and weak position groups had one stud per specimen half. Stud welding 2. Ask a Shearstud Ltd representative for other lengths available for specific applications. 8Shear connector also named shear studs, welding stud, concrete anchors, are typically used in composite steel construction to tie the concrete to steel. The most common size of studs used in building construc-tion is :-inch diameter. 02 19 x 115 Shear Stud, 19 x 115 HSC, CS 6060 019 115 0. Reduces the amount of reinforcement needed. Remember: The regular OC stud spacing is 16, 19. 4 x diameter of shear stud = 7. 10 Headed studs that cause splitting forces in the direction of the slab thickness . 9 c). High Country wheat necklace. Compared with clustered studs, the distribution of. 7/28/2019 Shear Stud Cap in Steel Decks 1/20SHEAR STUD CAPACITY IN PROFILED STEELDECKSRAED J. 31. 5A sc f c' E c ≤ A sc F u (1) where Asc = cross-sectional area of a stud shear connectorStandard sizes for shear studs, which are readily available from suppliers and typically used in steel composite bridge decks, are of heights (in mm) 125, 150, 175, 200, 250 and diameters (in mm) 16 19 22 25. The concrete, steel, and shear studs are all represented by the eight-node linear reduction integral solid elements (C3D8R) of ABAQUS, which has three translational degrees of freedom in each element and can be. (2) Shear connectors are typically used in composite steel construction for holding concrete slabs to steel members to resist shear forces and increase shear loading. 9 mm thick sheets with a yield strength of 350 MPa) possessed a much higher slip capacity than expected in traditional small scale push tests [1],[2],[3] Arc stud welding is generally used to weld larger diameter studs to thick base metals. It provides methods and details that are used to design many NZ timber-framed houses and small buildings, including many residential decks. Stocking over 17000 high quality product lines around the country, Fortress is New Zealand's premium fastener supplier. Spacing 4 times diameter between studs in plane perpendicular to the shear force and 6 times diameter in the direction of the shear force is generally adequate to develop full. Core Construction Weld Studs: S3L Shear Connectors. The steel stud model behaves like linear elastic material with Young’s modulus E= 210000 MPa up to the yield stress f y =350 MPa. Central pier carries about 85% of shear; can design for entire shear Good practice would be to add control joints 10’ 18’ 5’ 3’ 7’ 55’ 3’ 8’ 2’ 8’ 18’ 8’ 3’ 3’ 2’ 1. 75bmt Stud 493 76mm x 0. Behavior of grouped stud shear connectors between precast high-str ength concrete slabs and steel beams . Takabayashi, Y. Revised stud strength provisions were developed, which included theFeatures. 2. S. Studco has a wide array of Shear Connectors. The most widely used form of shear connector is the headed stud, or shear stud. The beams were W24x55 and the studs were 2" off center. South Univ. This Standard sets out requirements for general structural design and design loadings for buildings, including the supports for services entering and within buildings, parts and. Technical Support on all Contract Connections products is available on 09 2744049 during normal office hours. Headed shear connectors are typically made from low-carbon steel and consist of a cylindrical shaft with a cylindrical head. Ideal for renovating old buildings where welding on existing cast-iron beams can be problematic. Nelson ® offers a complete line of portable and feed stud welding systems to meet even the most demanding of stud welding performance. 6. Shear Connector Weld Studs are unthreaded with an upset head. Because of the inter connection or composite construction resists shear loading between the concrete and steel beams. Shear and bending checks are in accordance with NZS 3101:2006, AS/NZS2327:2017 and BS 5950-4:1994. 8, 6. The shear stud was Ø10 × 70 (GB/T 10433) . Maximum resistances from the experimental tests are compared with the predictions of EC 4 and results from other. However, the commonly-used cluster studs weaken the integrity of the precast deck slabs and are not conducive to reducing the size of the precast deck slabs. Check the combined tension and shear capacity according to NZS 3101:2006, Clause 17. or two shear studs (¾-in. Stud Welding & Fastening. Orthogonal. Technical Support on all Contract Connections. The system consists of double-headed studs welded to flat rails, positioned around the column head or base. 5 of the average maximum load for screwsTo place shear studs. Shipping Weights. 6. 7m, 3. Following New Zealand and international 2017 Nelson® Stud Welding Stud, Ferrule & Accessory Catalog This catalog is designed to be a user-friendly source of online information about the Nelson Stud Welding line of studs, anchors, pins, and the standard accessories used to weld them. 0m, 3. nz; PO Box 22058, Otahuhu, The overall height of a stud should be not less than 3d, where d is the diameter of the shank (as per IS 11384 it is 4d or 100 mm). Made to order lengths areUDC 624. This helps to resist shear loading between the concrete slab and the steel beam in composite construction. 1 . Shear studs. A composite beam can be highly resistant, stiff and lightweight in design, benefitting from the combined strengths of concrete and steel. Engineered with optional closed ends, ComFlor® 60 provides excellent acoustic performance and fire protection, with no requirement for filler blocks. Contract Connections Ltd have been the exclusive New Zealand manufacturer and distributor of Erico grounding products for over 40 years and continues to represent nVent - Erico today. Its profile has been specially designed with trough stiffeners and side laps positioned to guarantee centrally placed shear studs. Headed Concrete anchors are available for welding to flat surfaces, inside angles and outside angles. This paper presents a push-out experimental study of three groups of shear stud connectors to investigate the impact of the shear stud diameter and yield strength on shear stud bearing. Since stud shear capacity is directly proportional to stud cross-sectional area, you will need more than double the quantity of ½-in. Nelson Stud Auckland 46 Patiki Road Avondale, Auckland Phone: 09 820-9133 Email: [email protected] Nelson Stud Wellington 91b St Andrews Road Plimmerton PORIRUA 5026 Phone: 04 233-8131 Fax: 04 233-1072Used to develop composite action, shear studs must behave in a ductile manner and dependably transfer shear force between the steel and concrete elements. Download scientific diagram | Steel plate with shear stud details from publication: The Effect of Steel Plates with Shear Studs for Weak Column–Strong Beam Connections in the Reinforced Concrete. Solution: If the desired tag is not found within the main Annotations folder, check each of the subfolders to see if the tag is available. Opens the Copy Shear Studs Location dialog, which is used to copy the shear stud layout to other beams or spans. Headed shear studs are an essential interfacial connection for precast steel–concrete structures to ensure composite action; hence, the accurate prediction of the shear capacity of headed studs is of pivotal significance. Shear Studs with Ferrules are heavy-duty fasteners used to connect steel elements in construction. Commercial buildings -Handbooks, manuals, etc. After installing the new studs I checked the nuts with my torque wrench (set at owners manual. 9), the steel studs or bars crossing the shear plane resist only tension and the shear strength of the connection is attributedIn the works of Pavlović et al. The number of studs required in this situation is calculated simply by dividing the beam length by 333. The computation of the shear strength of a single anchor is addressed in SCM I3. Our Alliances. 1. (19 mm) studs having a shorter fatigue life than the /2 in. The recommended minimum concrete cover to the top of the stud is 15mm, this should be increased to 20mm if the. 3 of the American Wood Council’s (AWC’s) National Design Specification ® (NDS ® ) for Wood Construction includes provisions for built-up. fabrication, fatigue, guide, ladder deck, life cycle, multi-girder, New Zealand, NZ Transport Agency, shear studs, steel, Steel Bridge Development Group , sustainability, vibration, welding. When the shear plane passes through the unthreaded. According to the shear friction theory (ACI 318-14 chapter 22. However, the specific placement and layout of the shear studs provided in flat plates tends to vary. Some sizes available in split threads for example UNF on one end and UNC on the other. The result is saving on beam weights and reduced construction risk. Table 2. Stainless Shear Nuts (Vandal Proof) Shear Nuts improve security by preventing machine threads and nuts being undone. IKING GROUP is a professional manufacturer of shear stud connector and stud welding machine for about 30 years with ISO CE certificate. Engineering Structures, 25(4), 537–545. After reaching this value, the steel becomes fully plastic. The head should have a diameter of not less than 1. Shop our huge selection of OEM, MRO, construction, industrial, and safety products. 22. D2L Deformed Bar Anchors. 4. Full range in stock: 16mm,19mm,22mm,25mm from 50mm law to 300mm law. 3), since this type of shear connector can provide robust and ductile shear connection and can be easily installed [10]. 19 MPa∼200 MPa to establish a reliable database. This includes using 25 × 1 mm galvanised steel straps to secure the lintel to the trimming stud and the trimming stud to a floor joist or solid blocking as shown in Figure 8. Experimental. (2020). I assumed this to be due to the previous owner (s) over torquing them and stressing the metal over time. Quantity: Add to Cart. ComFlor is manufactured in New Zealand by Steel & Tube under license from Tata Steel UK. OSHA Standard 1926. Nelson shear studs can be welded on either side of the center rib depending on the position of the sheet with respect to the support beam. Product Enquiry Welded Shear Stud. Timber shear walls provide lateral resistance to wind and seismic forces, helping to keep the structure from undergoing failure due to lateral actions. A new approach to the design of stud shear connectors in composite bridge beams (Research Report R82). E. Need drag strut/collector to get shear to solid portion. Annotations. Long (CXL) headed, collar and PSR (punching) shear connector resistor studs) up to 381 mm. after welding) were welded. A. The results indicate that shear studs in beams with precast slabs exhibit a fatigue performance at least on par with those in beams with cast-in-place slabs. Double shear tests showed ultimate strengths of 328 to 381 MPa for the 12. An overview of previous research in the area of shear stud behavior is included. Stick Out by Stud Diameter. Based on the correlation analysis, the. Share. Double ended Studs. Located in branches across New Zealand, Konnect Fastening Systems are here to support your business with expert advice and premium products. Shear Stud W/ Ceramic Ferrule. Here is a list of the tags available from the family library included with Revit (C:ProgramDataAutodeskRVT ####Libraries<Location>Annotations): Folder. New Zealand Building Code Clause 1 Structure. The proposed ANN-based analytical model yielded, for all collected data, maximum and mean relative errors of 3. Two each of the strong. Standards New Zealand also offers this standard to be purchased as Hard Copy or Online Library subscription. Shear Load Connectors 8 Tel: +64 (0) 3 376 5205 Structural Movement Joints in Frames A common requirement in framed buildings is a structural movement joint to isolate one part of the building from another. The theoretical unit weight shear connector M19*100 is 0. 6 grade studs. They are more effective at transferring load and allowing movement to take place. Konnect Part MSHSCF19.